宿醉

台花灯

宿醉是酒精毒性，脱水，和酒精饮料的同类毒素引起的，宿醉的一般特点是情绪低落，头痛，对外界刺激有过敏反应，比如，光线和声音。由于这些挥之不去的影响，饮酒可能导致运动表现下降。

Drinking on the day or night before athletic activity hinders physical conditioning progress, and exercising with a hangover has been shown to significantly decrease aerobic performance capacity - by as much as 11%. Regardless of the type of activity, conditioning progress will be impeded. Teammates who do not drink the day before competition will be ahead of the game.

运动前一天或前一夜饮酒，有碍运动水平的提高。业已证明，宿醉可以导致有氧运动能力大幅度降低---高达11%。无论运动类型，饮酒有碍运动水平的提高。前一天不饮酒，比赛胜人一筹。

（译注：“hangover”=“宿醉”，相当于“亚醉酒”或“略有醉意”；“醉酒”= get drunk或get pissed）


What About Chronic (Long-Term) Effects of on Athletic Performance?
什么是饮酒对运动表现的慢性（长期）影响？

While low-dose (meaning no more than 2 drinks daily) chronic alcohol consumption may offer some cardio-protective element in the exerciser by increasing HDL-cholesterol or decreasing coronary spasm, alcohol affects the body's every system and is also linked to several pathologies.

少量长期饮酒（即，不超过每日2份），通过提高运动者的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇或降低冠状动脉痉挛风险，可能有益于心脏保护。但是，饮酒影响人体的所有系统，还与一些疾病相关。

Heavy, chronic alcohol consumption impairs exercise performance by:
• impairing the cardiovascular response to exercise
• causing nutritional deficiencies from alterations in nutrient intake, digestion, absorption, metabolism, physiological effects, turnover, and excretion of nutrients
• causing myopathy , or muscle damage, wasting, and weakness, in various muscles, including the heart
• changing the body's hormonal environment, making it less conducive to increasing muscle mass and strength
• compromising cardiovascular and muscular performance in people with alcoholism

大量长期饮酒，通过以下方式，影响运动表现:
• 影响心血管对运动的响应
• 导致营养不良，由于生理功能的改变，比如，营养的摄入，消化，吸收，代谢，呕吐和排泄
• 导致肌病，或肌肉的损伤，萎缩，无力，涉及不同的肌肉，包括心脏
• 改变人体荷尔蒙环境，不利于增加肌肉和力量
• 牺牲饮酒者的心血管和肌肉功能