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http://www.runnersworld.com/barefoot-running-minimalism/minimalism-long-run?page=single
Minimalism in The Long Run
What is the future for shoes?
长距离跑中的极简主义
跑鞋的未来在哪？
ByScott Douglas
PublishedMarch 13, 2013
Minimalism encompasses a broad range of shoes, from barely there models like the Vibram FiveFingers and Merrel Trail Glove to moderate minimalists like the New Balance Minimus Road and Nike Free to gateway or transitional shoes like the Saucony Kinvara and Brooks PureConnect.
跑鞋的极简主义包含了一大堆的鞋子，从几乎完全没有保护的款式，比如Vibram 的五指鞋和Merrel 的trail Glove，到中度的极简鞋，比如NB 的极简路跑和Nike Free，再到极简和传统之间的过渡鞋，比如Saucony Kinvara 和 Brooks PureConnect.
At the beginning of the decade, the barely there shoes were the hottest. Vibram had nudged its way into constituting 2 percent of running-shoe sales; that's a remarkable achievement for a brand that basically had zero percent five years earlier. Solely because of Vibram, the big seven running-shoe companies -- Nike, ASICS, adidas, New Balance, Brooks, Saucony and Mizuno -- saw their traditional 96 percent share of the market slip to 94 percent. Vibram's market share might have gone even higher if it'd been able to keep up with demand. In late 2009 and early 2010, it was frantically adding staff and production facilities, but some stores still couldn't keep FiveFingers in stock. Sales were roughly doubling every year.
在这股风尚刚开始的时候，“什么都没有”类型 是最热门的。 Vibram趁机夺取了整个跑鞋市场的2%份额。这是个了不起的成绩，因为这个公司5年前才刚开始做鞋。就因为这家公司，世界七大制鞋巨头-Nike，Asics，Adidas，New Balance，Brooks，Saucony 和Mizuno-眼睁睁的看着他们所垄断的96%市场占有率变成了94%。 Vibram的市场占有率本来还会更高，如果不是他得产能跟不上的话。在2009年底到2010年初，他一直在疯狂地招兵买马，可是有些店里面仍然没有存货。销售额基本上是每年翻一番。
That growth trend has stopped. In the first quarter of 2012, according to industry analyst SportsOneSource.com, Vibram sales declined by more than half. That happened for two key reasons.
2012年第一季度，这个增长势头突然停止了。根据sportsonesource.com的分析，此期间Vibram的销售额降了一半。造成这个的主要有两个主要原因。
First, there are more choices now within the barefoot-style neighborhood of minimalism. Merrell has created a well-liked line of barely there road and trail shoes, niche brands like Vivo are more widely available and the big players now have this ground covered if they so choose (for example, the adidas adiPure Trainer, which features Vibramesque toe pockets).
第一，在赤足跑的阵营中有了更多的选择。Merrell 建立了很类似的路跑和越野跑产品线，像Vivo这样的小众品牌更多了，而巨头也开始注意到这块蛋糕（adidas的adipure trainer系列就以类似的Vibrameque分指设计为卖点。）
Second, the pendulum that swung so quickly from traditional running shoes to the other extreme is now moving back. "I don't know how many people are buying a second or third pair of FiveFingers," says Joe Rubio, a partner in the online running store RunningWarehouse.com and one of the most astute industry watchers around.
第二，从传统跑鞋到极端极简的趋势开始出现反弹。在线跑步商店RunningWarehouse.com的一个合伙人Joe Rubio说：“我不知道有多少人会买他们的第二或第三双五指鞋。”他也是一位业内敏锐的观察家。
Other industry experts agree. "I think we may have reached the end of people's infatuation with them," says Peter Larson, author of the popular minimalist shoe blog Runblogger.com, about the FiveFingers. "The fit is so hard to get right. The toe pockets, you either love those or hate those when you run in them. I think a lot of them are sitting in people's closets." Regardless of its resolution, a spring 2012 proposed class-action lawsuit against Vibram for false advertising claims that the FiveFingers shoe reduces injury and improves posture and foot health certainly symbolized a potential end of the love affair with the less-is-always-better approach.
业内其他专家也表示同意。Peter Larson， 知名极简跑鞋博客Runblogger.com的作者表示，“我觉得人们对五指鞋的狂热劲开始消退了，你很难找到一个合适的鞋码。那些脚趾口袋，你要么就很喜欢要么就很讨厌他们。我想很多五指鞋都躺在人们的鞋柜里。”尽管五指鞋是革命性的，2012年春季的一场官司告Vibram对于五指鞋减低伤害和改进姿势和足部健康虚假宣传。这场诉讼标志着少即是多的狂热走到了尽头。
Larson sees the future growth in the quasi-minimalist area. "I think the no-cushion-at-all Merrell Trail Glove area will be a small part of the market," Larson says. "The majority of people are going to want some amount of cushion under their feet. I think the growth will be from the Kinvara type down to flat cushioned shoes like what Altra is producing."
Larson认为未来是属于准极简主义的。“想这种完全无缓冲的Merrell Trail Glove只会是市场的小头。大部分人想要一些缓冲在脚下。所以未来的增长点在Kinvara这种类型以及Altra正在做的缓冲平底鞋。”
Rubio says market realities will hasten the pendulum's swing away from the extreme end of minimalism.
"There was an argument after Vibrams got big that the big brands didn't want to do these minimal shoes," he says, with a scoff. "OK, if you're Brooks and you're looking at this whole thing and you've got an Adrenaline that has a three-piece medial post with all the plastic pieces in there . . . you know how expensive it is to make that shoe? Why would you want to make that shoe versus a one-piece midsole/outsole with no added technology? Your cost has got to be 60 percent of a traditional shoe, maybe less."
Rubio认为市场表现会加速脱离极简主义。“大牌看着Vibram拿走这么多份额却不涉足这个领域是原因的。如果你是Brooks，你有Adrenaline这种三层中底和塑料片的鞋子，多贵啊，然后为什么你坚持要做而不去做那种毫无科技含量的一片式中底呢，你的成本会减到原来的60%甚至更少。
The result of big brands moving in, Rubio says, will be the death of some smaller ones. "Any big idea that the small brands come up with will migrate to the big brands, who have lots of resources and access to the end consumer," he says. "That makes it very hard for any of the small brands to gain significant traction in the marketplace. You've got a bazillion small companies knocking it out for that final 4, 5 percent of the marketplace. Some of them are going to have to go away."
大牌进场会宣告小牌的死刑。小品牌想出来有价值的主意最后都会转移到大品牌那里去。因为他们有更多的资源和途径到消费者那里去。这让小牌子很难再在市场上立足。无数的小鞋企为了剩下的4-5%市场打的头破血流，很多都会消亡。
It's not so much that all the big companies will make shoes to compete toe-to-toe with the niche minimalist brands, but that their minimalist offerings will seem minimal enough to most runners. That is, people who want only the FiveFingers will go looking for the FiveFingers, but people looking for "less shoe" will be much more likely to find the big brands' minimalist offerings, and deny the smaller brands a chance at a sale. That's especially true if you consider Larson's point about growth in minimalism coming in the slightly cushioned segment instead of the barely there models, which tend to be made by the smaller companies. And then there's this: About 70 percent of sales within the minimalist category go to one shoe, the Nike Free, most of which aren't worn for running.
大公司也许不会做和小公司一样的鞋子来正面竞争，可是他们的极简鞋对于大部分的跑步者来说都够了。只有确定想要五指鞋的人才会去买五指鞋，而想要保护少的鞋子他们就会转向大牌子的极简产品。考虑到极简跑鞋的增长主要来自于少量缓冲鞋而不是小厂生产的完全无保护鞋。大约70%的销售来自于一只鞋子：nike Free，大部分人不是穿它来跑步的。
MINIMALISM IN THE MARKETPLACE
If you paid attention only to news stories, you'd be excused for thinking that minimalist shoes are pretty much the only running shoes people have bought the last few years. And yes, minimalist shoes are still hot, with sales increasing by 70 percent or more most months. But here's a reality check: Minimalist shoes account for about 11 percent of the U.S. running-shoe market. Remove the Nike Free from consideration, and sales of the remaining minimalist models constitute about 4 percent of the U.S. Market.
如果你只是读新闻的话，那你认为在过去五年里人们都买极简跑鞋还情有可原。是的，极简跑鞋依然热门，每个月至少都增长70%。但事实是，极简跑鞋只占到美国跑鞋市场的11%。如果你把nike free剔除的话，极简跑鞋的实际销量只占了4%。
"It's similar to hybrid and electric cars," Rubio says. "There's a huge amount of press, and every ad you see touts these technologies, but if you look at the sales figures, it's 2 to 3 percent of the industry."
这就像混合动力或电力汽车一样，媒体大量报道，每天的广告都向你兜售这些技术，但要是你看销售数据的话，它们只占了2-3%。
Rubio's livelihood depends on intimate knowledge of the U.S. running-shoe scene. Ignoring hard data and what most people want simply isn't an option in his line of work. So I asked him what he thought would be the biggest sellers on RunningWarehouse.com in 2015.
Rubio就是靠着对美国跑鞋市场的敏锐知识吃饭的。忽视数据和大多数人的需求显然不是他得工作内容。所以我请他预测一下2015年RunningWarehous.com的销售冠军。
"It'll still be traditional trainers," he says. "They make up 80 percent of our sales. In the industry as a whole they're more like 90 percent of sales.
肯定还是传统跑鞋，他们占我们销量的80%，在整个行业内则占了90%。
"There are two customers in the processes: the people who sell the shoes and the public. The people selling running shoes to the customer, they need to make business decisions more on what's definitely going to work versus what might work. And the guys who are making the shoes for the dealers are only going to respond by making what's popular. So I don't see minimalism getting any bigger than it is now."
在这个过程中有两种人：卖鞋的和公众。卖鞋的需要在那些肯定能卖出去的产品和可能卖出去的产品中选择。而给经销商做鞋的人则什么流行就做什么。我不认为极简跑鞋还能做得比现在更好。
But what about all the press for minimalism? Aren't customers influenced by that? And wouldn't that change what they ask for when shopping for running shoes?
但那些对极简跑鞋的报导呢，消费者难道不会被影响吗？
"The people going to brick-and-mortar tend to be the people at the last third of the race, the beginning athlete who needs a lot of guidance," Rubio responds. "They might have heard about this FiveFingers thing and they might buy a pair. And maybe they'll do as recommended and start off walking around or hiking in them, and go, 'Wow, this is a lot of work and kind of painful, versus my [ASICS] Nimbus, which are really comfortable and plush and they look good and I can go out afterward in them.' There's always going to be a place for traditional shoes that are soft and comfortable and look good."
去实体店买鞋的通常都是比赛的最后三分之一，只有初学者才需要导购。他们也许会听说过五指鞋并且买一双。也许他们会按建议穿上五指鞋先走啦或健行。然后他们发现，这么麻烦，脚还不舒服，比我的ASICS Nimbus 差远了，nimbus又舒服又好看，不运动的时候也可以穿。
When considering minimalism's share of the overall market, it's helpful to keep in mind where most running shoes are sold. Sixty percent of sales occur in department stores like Nordstrom. Thirty percent are through what the industry calls "big box" -- large chains like Sports Authority or Dick's Sporting Goods. Only 10 percent are through running specialty stores or online outfits like Rubio's.
考虑极简鞋的市场占有率的时候，必须要看到大部分鞋子是在哪里被卖出去的。60%的鞋子是在像Nordstrom这样的百货商场卖出去的。30%的是在业内被称为大盒子的连锁店比如像运动专家或dick’s 运动商品店卖出去的。只有10%是在专门的跑步用品商店或在线商店卖得。
"The final 10 percent is where a lot of the smaller brands would hope to get shelf space," Rubio says. "No way Nordstrom's brings in a small, unknown but trending brand."
最后的10%才是大多数小牌子的栖身地。Nordstrom才不会上架一个在上升期的不知名小牌。
Most running-shoe sales occur elsewhere than what most experienced runners would consider a good place to buy running shoes. Because of this simple market reality, it's hard for knowledgeable industry watchers like Rubio to see minimalist shoes making inroads beyond their current share of about 10 percent of sales. And yet . . .
大多数的跑鞋是在那些有经验的跑者推荐的地方之外被卖出去的。这个事实让业内的观察家认为极简跑鞋不会难道比现在10%的份额更大的市场。
BEYOND CATEGORY
They're hugely influential," Rubio says of the minimalist shoes it might seem he's just been deriding. "If you look at things that are happening in the auto industry, you're seeing Porsches that get 72 miles per gallon for the fastest production car they've ever made. The same thing's happening in the running industry. You've got these really lightweight minimal shoes that are having a huge influence on how all shoes are made."
它们很有影响力。Rubio不无嘲弄地说。如果你看汽车行业，你会发现保时捷在他们最快的量产车上跑出了72英里一加仑的好成绩。同样的事情也发生在制鞋业，这些超轻的极简鞋对行业产生了巨大的影响。
That influence is showing in two key aspects of running-shoe construction: weight and ramp angle, or the difference between heel and forefoot height. For example, after the tremendous success of the Kinvara, with its scant 4-millimeter ramp angle, Saucony is lowering the heel-toe differential throughout its line from 12 millimeters to 8 millimeters. Combine that with less weight, and you might find yourself asking, "Is this a conventional shoe? A minimalist model? What?"
影响主要显示在两个方面，重量和前后高度差。比如说，在Kinvara这个高度差只有4mm的鞋子上取得巨大的成功之后，Saucony把产品线上高度差12mm的鞋子都降到了8mm。再加上它们的轻重量，你都会想问，这些到底是极简鞋还是传统鞋。
"I think the movement toward lighter and faster and more responsive isn't going to end," says Rubio. "It's just going to be a natural part of shoe development. It's similar to the bike industry, where you gotta keep making things lighter every year. Any one bike from year to year might not be significantly different, but over the course of five years you notice a pretty big change in the weight and responsiveness. Every industry goes lighter over time. I'm just surprised it took running this long to get there."
我认为更轻更快的趋势不会结束。它会成为鞋子发展得一个要素。就像自行车行业一样。每年你都会把部件做的轻一点点，五年下来减少的重量就不是一个小数了。每个行业都在变轻，我很惊讶跑鞋业花了这么久才找到这个法宝。
The gains in lightness are coming not only from minimalist-driven consumer demand. They're also driven by improvements in manufacturing processes that would be lowering shoe weight regardless of whether models like the FiveFingers had ever become popular.
变轻并不只是来源于消费者都简单鞋的诉求。制作过程的改进也让鞋子的重量得以减轻，不管五指鞋是不是流行。
"There are so many new materials being created over in Asia that are super lightweight, super strong, super resilient," says Brian Metzler, a former Running Times senior editor who has wear-tested more than 1,000 shoes. "So whatever you need a piece of a shoe to do, whether it's add stretchiness for comfort or add firmness, there are these new materials playing a huge role in the shoe revolution."
亚洲发展了许多超轻，超强，超弹的材料。Brian Metzler, Running Times的前资深编辑，他上脚测试了超过1000双鞋子。无论你想要什么，不管是更柔韧或是更坚实，新材料都在其中起了巨大作用。
New manufacturing processes, like welding instead of stitching, will lead to lighter shoes, Metzler says. Welding ultrathin synthetic overlays instead of sewing heavier ones is one reason why New Balance was able to make a racing flat, the RC5000, weigh in at just 3.2 ounces when it was released in the summer of 2012.
新技术，比如用熔融技术代替缝线，都能使鞋子更轻。融合超轻合成材料来替代缝线技术，使new balance在2012夏天制出了只有3.2盎司的竞技跑鞋RC5000。
Lighter shoes will also result as companies move from "heavier overlays and various plastics and vinyls that weren't really that conducive to a running shoe, resulting in these 14-to 15-ounce bricks," Metzler says. For example, as Nike developed its Flyknit technology, it found lessons from that process it could carry into its entire running-shoe line. By trying to create a snug, seamless upper -- a development unrelated to minimalism -- Nike found a way for all of its shoes to lose 10 percent of their weight.
另外，制鞋公司开始弃用那些对跑鞋没好处的各种沉甸甸的鞋面、塑料、聚乙烯，这些东西让跑鞋变成了14-15盎司重的砖头。这种趋势也让鞋子变得更轻。Nike发展出了Flyknit技术，并且学到了怎样把这个技术扩展到他整个产品线中去。贴脚、无缝的鞋面让Nike的所有鞋子都能减重10%，虽然这种技术和简单鞋没什么关系。
As such developments happen, differences among shoes will become more a matter of degree than category. "You'll start to see some of these categories overlapping," says Metzler. "Take racing flats -- now you see a lot of people wearing the modern minimalist shoes, like the New Balance Minimus Road, instead of traditional racing flats."
正是由于技术的发展，简单鞋和传统鞋之间只有程度的区别，而不再是两个不同的种类了。Metzler说，你会看到鞋类之间开始重叠。比如说比赛鞋吧，现在很多人穿着NB的极简路跑鞋来代替传统的比赛鞋。
Rubio sees the lines blurring most in the already ambiguous distinction between basic training shoe and lightweight trainer. "Now you get a [Nike] Pegasus under 10 ounces, so an everyday training shoe starts moving toward what we would have called a lightweight trainer a few years ago," he says. "Something like the New Balance 890, an everyday trainer, not a minimalist shoe, that's significantly lighter -- that's where I think you'll see things going. Brands that aren't doing that are losing sales significantly."
本来就有些难以区分的基本训练鞋和轻量训练鞋之间的界限就更模糊了。现在的Nike Pegasus只有不到10盎司，这个日常训练鞋的重量已经差不多是几年前我们说的轻量训练鞋的重量了。像NB890这种日常训练鞋变得轻多了，请注意它并不是一双简单鞋。我认为这就是趋势，不这样做的牌子就会很快失去市场。
MOVING PAST THE PRONATION PARADIGM
For the last couple of decades, the model for conceiving and designing running shoes has been based largely on pronation control. The thinking has been that what happens to your foot as it hits the ground is what's most important. If your foot rolls in a little between landing and pushing off, you're said to have normal pronation and have been told to go with a "neutral" shoe, sort of the Goldilocks version of running shoes -- not too soft, not too rigid, providing just the right amount of cushioning and stability. If your foot rolls in too much, we've been told, you need a motion-control shoe that will arrest some of the overpronation. And if your foot barely rolls in but instead remains rigid upon landing, you're said to be an underpronator, or supinator, and therefore need a flexible, cushioned shoe to absorb some of the shock that would be dissipated if you had a normal amount of pronation.
在过去的几十年，跑鞋的设计主要是围绕脚的翻转控制来进行的。人们认为脚着地后的形态变化是一个关键点。如果你的脚在着地和蹬地的过程中只有少许翻转，就会被归于正常翻转，应该穿中性鞋，它们软硬适中，提供了合适的缓冲和稳定性能。如果你的脚翻的太过了，那你就需要控制型的鞋来减少翻转。要是你的脚几乎不翻转，那你需要的是一双柔软的鞋子来吸收冲击。
The minimalist movement has led an increasing number of people throughout running to question this model. Many runners who were told to wear stiff, heavy, motion-control shoes have felt liberated (and remained injury-free) by moving to barely there shoes that allow their feet to work naturally. Sales in the motion-control category of running shoes have been in decline the last few years, and good riddance to all that, say many running experts.
极简主义的风潮让人们开始反思这种模式。许多穿着又重又硬的控制型跑鞋的跑者勇敢地选择尝试“什么都没有”型的鞋子后，他们感到自己像解放了一般，而且也依然没受伤。控制型跑鞋的销量已经连年下跌，许多跑步专家都感到庆幸。
"One of the things with the traditional line that you'll probably see -- and are already starting to see -- is the dissolution of the pronation-control category," says Larson. "There's never really been evidence supporting those, and in fact there's now research that came out recently showing that those don't work."
传统跑鞋产品线出现的变化是控制型跑鞋开始消失了。从来没有证据表明它们是有用的，实际上最近的研究表明它们根本就是无用的。
Steve Magness, formerly an assistant coach with the Nike Oregon Project and holder of a master's degree in exercise sciences, agrees, noting, "I think in the lab you're seeing more of the thought that [pronation control] probably doesn't work, so let's come up with another theory." Magness likes to point out that the focus on pronation came about at least as much because it could be measured in the lab as because those measurements yielded meaningful data.
Steve Magness，他是Nike Oregon计划的前助理教练，并且有运动科学硕士学位。他表示，在实验室里，越来越多的的人认为翻转控制的理论不管用，并且想寻找更新的理论。Magness说这种理论的提出与其说是因为测试得到了有意义的结果还不如说是因为在实验室里比较好测试。
"The question is, do you keep using a model that most people think is broken just because it's what we've always done?" asks Larson. "What do we do instead? There you kinda get stuck. That's a huge question right now, and I wish I had the answer."
问题是你愿意因为用惯了而去用一个大家都认为破产的理论吗。我们该怎么做呢，这是个问题，我也希望我有答案。
Indeed, it's difficult to see how the great running insight "We're all an experiment of one" can be matched with modern industry's penchant for flowcharts and categorization. Which company is more likely to get the average consumer's purchase: one whose promotional materials provide quick, easy guidance on navigating its product line, or one that more or less admits "Your guess is as good as ours"? As Magness says, "We know different shoes work for different people based on a couple of different things. But how do we translate that into designing shoes and classifying shoes?"
实际上“我们都是实验的一部分”这种伟大的跑步思想很难和现代工业的图表和分类嗜好结合。你觉得哪个公司会更成功呢，一个为消费者提供了快速简单的产品导购，另一个则告诉你其实他也不太懂。我们知道不同的鞋子在某些不同的场合会对某些人有帮助，问题是我们怎么把这些知识用到鞋子设计和分类中去呢。
Consider flat feet, says Larson. Under the pronation-control model, nearly everyone with flat feet has been put in motion-control shoes, because the assumption has been that flat feet are prone to overpronation. As it turns out, "There are different reasons why people can have flat feet," Larson says, "so just putting everyone with a flat foot in one type of shoe doesn't make any sense. We're learning that flat feet when you're standing might not mean anything about what the foot does when you're running."
就拿平足来说吧。几乎所有的平足者都被建议穿稳定系的鞋子，因为平足是趋向于过翻转的。实际上平足有许多原因，就给所有人都分到同一种鞋子是不科学的。你站着的时候是平足并不能说明你跑着的情况。
Magness, a voracious consumer of research, offers another example: "With muscle activity, what they find is some people, if they have a lot of activity in their calves and their calves are really tight before foot-strike, it makes them more economical," he says. "Some people it's the exact opposite. The question is why and what makes people different, and does that mean they need a different shoe? Would someone who relies entirely on reactive elastic response in their calves and Achilles need a really hard shoe that lets that work, where someone who doesn't rely on it, maybe they need a soft shoe to take some of the load?"
另外一个例子。有些人由于经常锻炼，小腿肌肉很发达，并且在落地的时候小腿肌肉很紧张，会让他们的跑步经济性更好。可另外一些人在同样的情况下跑起来却更费劲了。问题是什么带了了这种不同，原因是什么。一些依靠小腿和跟腱的弹性来跑的人是不是需要坚硬的鞋子来帮助他们这样跑，而另外一些人是不是需要更柔软的鞋底。
The muscle-activity thinking stems from the work of the Canadian biomechanist Benno Nigg, a professor at the University of Calgary. If the conventional paradigm considers running shoes the primary actor, a piece of equipment that gets the body to do what it's "supposed" to do, Nigg represents the opposite end: He believes footwear shouldn't affect footstrike, or even muscle activity, before the foot hits the ground.
加拿大Calgary大学的运动生理学教授Benno Nigg是这种想法的提出者。传统上人们认为鞋子是主要因素，让人体做出应有的反应，而Nigg认为恰恰相反，在着地之前跑鞋不会影响步态和肌肉运动。
Good luck systematizing that in a way that can lead to mass production in Asian factories and helpful guidance in American stores, all at prices runners are accustomed to. And, notes Magness, even if this X-factor could be isolated, it will be hard to keep its value in perspective. "We can measure pronation easily, so that's what everything is based on," he says. "There's going to be this shift of, well, maybe we can measure this other new thing really well, so let's make everything entirely based on that.
这种理论很难变成产品并且让消费者易于选择。就是这种现象是存在的，它也没什么钱景。Magness说，我们能很容易测试翻转程度，所以它成了一切的基础。
"The reality is, what people need in a running shoe is probably from some crazy combination of foot mechanics and pronation and muscle activity and structure," Magness says. "It's hard to tease out all these things and say, 'All right, here's the perfect combination.'"
人们需要的跑鞋应该是足部机理、翻转、肌肉运动和结构的某种组合，我们不能随便组合一下就说，好了，这就是完美的跑鞋。
THE ROAD AHEAD
I fear that I may have been too negative in this attack, but there are times when a pendulum has swung far enough and needs a strong push in the other direction to restore equilibrium."
我担心我在这股风潮中太悲观了，不过有时候风头太过就需要矫枉过正那么一下来平衡。
That's the famous evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in his book
Unweaving the Rainbow. Although he was writing about how science gets taught, Dawkins' desire for restoring balance happens in most matters where people have passionate beliefs. A movement bursts on the scene, spearheaded by the most ardent and committed members. People are impressed by the purity of the message and the clear direction it provides on how to act. The newest recruits become some of the strongest proponents. Seemingly overnight, what had been obscure becomes common knowledge, and what the new movement is reacting against is seen as the folly of a less enlightened time.
这其实是著名的进化生物学家Richard Dawkins在他的《分解彩虹》中说的。他回复平衡的想法在许多狂热运动中都存在。一场运动都是由那些狂热而坚定地人起的头。人们都被这其中所传达信息的纯洁和指示的明确而感动。最初的加入者成了最忠实的支持在。一夜之间，之前模糊的话成了常识，运动变成了把人们从之前未开化的状态中解救出来。
Over time, however, most people find that the new movement pushed the pendulum too far. Through experimentation and going about their lives, people find what's most useful from the movement's message. What's helpful, they keep; what's not, they begin to ignore. The pendulum starts to move back to the center.
过了段时间，大多数的人会发现运动太过火了。人们把运动中的口号去芜存菁，这时候风潮就开始往平衡点转移了。
Have the movement's efforts been a waste? Most people would say no -- through the process of the pendulum swing they changed what's considered normal. Vegans get people to reconsider their use of animal products. Environmentalists make recycling mainstream. Back-to-the-landers show suburban homeowners the pleasure of a small garden plot. And, yes, hardcore minimalists get regular runners to reconsider what they run in.
这是不是在浪费精力？多数人认为不是，在这种摇摆中，他们改变了对习以为常事物的想法。素食者让人们反思对动物产品的利用，环境主义者让再利用成了主流，回归大地运动让郊区的住户在小园子中找到快乐。现在，铁杆极简跑鞋支持者让普通跑步者重新考虑他们的鞋子。
The more extreme end of the minimalist movement was a necessary corrective. Although some runners were, on their own, finding a way around the ever-bigger shoes of the 1990s and early 2000s, most accepted the conventional line that if some cushioning is good, more is better. It took that big push of the pendulum to bring the issue of footwear fundamentals into the mainstream.
极简风气的终止是时候了。虽然有些跑者找到了他们的跑鞋，但是多数跑者还是接受带缓冲的传统跑鞋。这种理论成为主流还有待时日。
But Dawkins' quote applies to both ends of the pendulum's arc. As we've seen, that first pendulum swing is now over, and things are moving back to homeostasis. It's a new homeostasis, however, one that incorporates the minimalist message of running shoes serving the runner, rather than the other way around.
Dowkins的话对两头都有效。第一股风潮过去了，一切都回到平衡。这种平衡让极简主义的信息服务于跑者。
Excerpted from The Runner's World Complete Guide to Minimalism and Barefoot Running. Scott Douglas is editor of the Runner's World/Running Times Newswire and a former senior editor of Running Times. |
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